Osamu Tezuka made a lot of comics. According to Wikipedia, over 700 works, comprising more than 150,000 pages. I doubt even half of that has been translated into English. So the view any North American reader has of his work - unless that reader both is fluent in Japanese and has access to a library-worth of Tezuka - is going to be limited, tentative, and gatekept by other people.
I come back to Tezuka periodically, though I think I found the period and style I find most compelling first: Tezuka was inspired by the adult-oriented gekiga movement in the mid-60s, and changed up his style and concerns for at least one strand of his work going forward for the next twenty years. (Tezuka died of cancer, at only 60, in 1989.) Vertical published a lot of that Tezuka material, around fifteen years ago, including The Book of Human Insects, Ayako, Ode to Kirihito, Buddha, Dororo, Black Jack, MW, and Apollo's Song.
There's probably more in that style - to say it again, Tezuka was ridiculously prolific - but I haven't seen anything newly-published along those lines in years. So I've poked into other Tezuka styles and series - the well-regarded early adventure Princess Knight, for example, and more recently the anthology Shakespeare Manga Theater and the odd One Hundred Tales. But the seriousness and darkness of those core gekiga works hasn't come out in anything else I've seen.
But I keep looking. So this time I grabbed Tomorrow the Birds, from the time-frame that also saw those gekiga books. It was serialized in S-F Magazine between 1971 and 1975, collected in Japanese not long afterward, and translated into English for this 2024 edition by Iyasu Adair Nagata.
It's somewhat more serious than the '50s-era Tezuka books I've seen - it comes close to the doomy gekiga, especially early in the book - but still has some goofiness in it. And Tezuka seems to have leaned heavily into the serialized nature of this story to tell very different kinds of stories - to the point that the back half of the book feels a bit like "well, here's a Western set in this world, and now here's a fable, and then let's try a ghost story."
Tomorrow is basically a future history, spanning what seems to be at least a thousand years, told in nineteen mostly short chapters. In the near future, magpies (maybe corvids in general) have gotten smarter, learned to harness fire, and start attacking humanity. Very quickly, over the course of the first four or five stories, Japan surrenders to the birds and helps them destroy other human nations - I expect this was a political dig - and human civilization ends. The birds turn into anthropomorphic birdmen in a mechanism Tezuka wisely does not explain - though, as you can see from the cover, he does note that their heads get substantially larger to house more complex brains.
There's also a minor thread of an alien civilization monitoring Earth, and how they have interfered to create the rise of the birds. This is another bit of Tazuka's SFnal satire, and also gives him his ending - I saw it coming, but it's well done.
Each of the nineteen stories in Tomorrow is separate. The first few, during the war between humans and birds, take place in a short period of time - maybe one generation at most - but the rest of the book stretches down long centuries, as birdman civilization grows, changes, and is expressed differently in different places on earth. As I said, we get a very traditional Western - with a human in the Noble Savage role - and several other clearly genre exercises, as if Tezuka was working down a checklist of kinds of stories to tell in this milieu.
The stories are mostly in the downbeat, tragic, or SFnal if-this-goes-on mode: things go badly for the main-character humans in all of the stories, and often not much better for main-character birds. This becomes a bit obvious once the reader notices it - and any reader will definitely notice how the first few stories are all "birds attack humans, humans lose" - but each story is strongly told, and all of this material does have a similar tone and sweep and seriousness to his core gekiga works.
It is a goofy premise, but Tezuka sells it well, and gets through the "birds destroy human civilization by setting things on fire" bits quickly enough that most readers won't argue too much. We take it as allegorical, accept the WWII echoes and the core Japanese-ness of the idea, and see where the story takes us. Tomorrow the Birds is not quite as darkly uncompromising as something like MW or Ode to Kirihito, but it's from the same strain of Tezuka's work and has many of the same concerns and ideas.
English (US) · 